مجله علوم پزشکی رازی
سال بیست و هفتم شماره 1 (پیاپی 190، فروردین 1399)

Sport, having a different philosophy than other sciences, needs its own theories, and the ethics of sports in Iran requires a fundamental look at the fundamental issues of heroism, chivalry and dignity of this land (2, 1). One of the main components of exercise is coaching. The coach must know how the goals and values of sports are related to the goals and values of individuals in life and observe the ethical principles around it (4). Mental health is another important issue in the sports environment. According to the World Health Organization, a personchr('39')s health does not simply include a state of complete physical health; It also includes the dimensions of mental and social health, the ability to communicate appropriately and in harmony with others, change and modify the individual and social environment, and resolve conflicts and personal desires in a positive, just and appropriate way, which is a necessity of coaching (5).Because athletes spend most of their training and coaching time under coaches, the training and training environment is considered important (1), however, some believe that athletes promote ethics in the first stage of the family environment and in later stages. They learn from coaches and ... (6). But in many studies, the role of coach behavior and his contribution to the development of sports ethics has been reported positively (7). Observance of professional ethics by educators ensures the health of the teaching-learning process in educational organizations (10). Professional ethics increases the commitment of educators to respond to the needs of learners (11). On the other hand, the issue of mental health is so important that researchers have stated that exercise and physical activity on mental health leads to the improvement and promotion of personality and moral characteristics, self-confidence, positive physical and social perception (12).The importance of morality and mental health is so great that various researches in this field have been done, including: Nedayi and Alavi point out that when the commitment to fun and play leads to the commitment to victory, the process Ethics, psychological and coaching characteristics and thinking about it change and moral challenges increase at the heroic and professional levels (13). These items for management should be presented in the form of standards. These standards are presented in the form of code of ethics and mental health, and the code contains codes. In fact, the moral and psychological dochr('39')s and donchr('39')ts of any profession must be determined through a rational process to provide a common understanding of the values that must be maintained and disseminated in the organization (1). A code is a statement that contains policies, principles, and regulations that govern behavior.In general, environmental sports are attractive and come with many challenges in various fields, including ethics and psychological issues. Therefore, more research is needed in the field of ethics, mental health and sports. Therefore, the present study seeks to answer the question of whether the environment has an impact on the development of moral and mental health Coaches or not?

The present research is of qualitative type with phenomenological strategy and content analysis (qualitative) tactics. This field is in the approach of inductive and exploratory research. In this method, data are collected through research interviews and the main areas of research.. The statistical population of the study was a group familiar with the subject of sports experts (activists in the field of sports ethics, university professors, actors in the development of culture and sports ethics) who reached the theoretical saturation by the method of snowball with the views of 20 experts. First, semantic units were identified, then open coding, axial and selective coding, and the formation of a tree model of ethics and mental health in sports were performed. Also, observational validity and validation showed that the research findings had appropriate validity, in order to The reliability of this coding research, especially the initial coding, was done by 2 people familiar with the research problem, and the findings were agreed upon with the researcher on 83% similarity of the coding, and the appropriate reliability was obtained, in order to interpret and present the results with Fewer errors were used than Max QD12 software.

Findings from in-depth interviews with the group of experts were divided into three categories of open coding, central and selective coding. Secrets, empowerment, non-discrimination, self-knowledge, purity, physical health, anxiety and insomnia, social dysfunction and depression) were understood to be included in 48 sub-themes. The results also showed that the practice and training environment has an effect on the ethics system (t = 45.3, p = 0.001) and (p = 45.3, p = 0.001) mental health of sports coaches. On the other hand, due to the desirable fit of the measurement model and the overall fit coefficient = 0.875 = GOF, the model has a favorable fit. Which shows that the model of moral code and mental health of sports coaches has a good fit.

In ancient times, sport was sacred to the Iranians to the extent that the heroes appeared to the people in the awe of myths and in epics, wars, cultures, literature, art, poetry, etc. Have had extraordinary (18 and 19). Over time, this work faded and moral vices appeared in some discussions (20). For this reason, the issue of education and the body, or morality and moral property in general, has been important and perhaps less considered today; But the ethical codes and guidelines proposed by the institutions are one of the solutions to prevent these vices that the present study has dealt with. In the present study, the statements of the interviewees and the identification of the ethical codes of the trainers in the training and practice environment were investigated. The central coding of honesty in behavior in this study was exactly in line with the ethical codes of Canadian football (2017) with the axis of honesty in behavior (20). One of the themes and codes examined was the central coding of safety and physical symptoms, which was also emphasized in the Canadian Basketball Association, the sport of American hockey. On the other hand, the central coding of empowerment was in line with the coding of some countries, which they named with the focus on non-discrimination. Codes aware of their level of performance, having self-care information and aware of their knowledge limitations with axial coding of self-knowledge. Complete physical, mental and psychological presence and fulfillment of all obligations are named with the central coding of purity. The central codes of conscious participation, confidentiality, empowerment, non-discrimination, self-knowledge, sincerity, honesty in behavior, responsibility in coaching, safety and ethics education were also explored in the form of selective environmental coding and training. Finally, it must be acknowledged that the observance of moral principles and mental health, especially in sports coaches, is very important. It seems that considering each of the themes and ethical codes of the present study can create a new window with the focus on clean, moral and healthy sports among sports coaches, although the findings of this study can not be comprehensive. Is considered a comprehensive instruction on all concepts that prevent coaches from immoral cases and psychological problems, but can be considered as a comprehensive example that has been addressed from the perspective of experts.

Chess competition is a psychological strain, this sport requires high strategic and cognitive thinking. Players need to think about a wide range of moves to find the best choice, which is very challenging. Stress is often defined as a (real or implied) threat of homeostasis (1). Anxiety, as a causing cognitive interference in the process of attention, distorted thoughts, and unrelated to homework, causes disruption in learning process and dysfunction. (3). Aromatherapy is one of the treatments that has been prevalent in most countries in recent years compared to other complementary medicine drugs (5). One of these scents that can cause anti-anxiety and sedative properties by affecting the limbic area of the brain is lavender scent (7). Since chess competition is very stressful for children and adolescents due to their less experience than adults, it seems necessary to reduce this stress in order to determine the effect of lavender essential oil inhalation on anxiety, worry and competitive concentration disorder in open chess boys. Design and run a formal chess competition.

In a randomized field trial, 30 competitive chess boys aged 6-12 years were selected as the subjects. Inclusion criteria were lack of disease and drug use, lack of relustige to natural aromatic substances, lack of favrism and history of participation in official chess competitions. Subjects were randomly divided into three groups of inhalation of one drop of lavender essential oil. Inhalation of lavender essential oil inhalation was divided into two drops of water (12). Lavender essential oil was prepared for 500g dried lavender and essential oil was extracted from it in Klevenger machine. At the time of competition and testing for inhalation of lavender aroma, fine cotton marking wound adhesive was used. Cotton adhesives were impregnated with essential oil and attached to the chin of the adhesives for 20 minutes. To measure competitive anxiety, the questionnaire had 15 questions and the aim was to measure sports anxiety from different dimensions in athlete children (physical anxiety, worry, concentration disorder). Its scoring spectrum is based on Likerettchr('39')s spectrum of 4 options, which is the score of each option. The score of the options has never been 1 low2 relatively high3 very high4 this questionnaire has 3 days that has been presented with the question number related to each later. In order to obtain the points related to each later, the total scores of that later were gathered together and in order to obtain the total score of the questionnaire, the total scores of each question were calculated. To determine the level of competitive anxiety before the competition, participants were asked to attend the club 10 days before the match at 4 pm and complete the competitive sports anxiety questionnaire and personal and health questionnaires. With the start of the match, the last three rounds of the competition, which is the most stressful for the players, were selected to complete the questionnaire. To complete the pre-match questionnaire, the subjects attended the tournament hall fifteen minutes before the start of the competition and sat on the platform of the tournament hall in the predetermined places where the chess players completed the competitive sports anxiety questionnaire and then went to the tournament hall, after the test, right after the end of all three final rounds of the tournament, was done with the playerchr('39')s exit from the tournament hall. The questionnaires were completed at the site of the test under the supervision of the researchers.

Based on the results of one-way ANOVA test, there was no significant difference in basic levels of physical anxiety between inhalation groups of one drop of lavender, two drops and placebo(F=0.411, P=0.6670). This increase was observed in all groups, physical anxiety of the subjects on the match day significantly higher than the baseline values (F=69.93, P=0.001,0.721). And the difference between the groups was not statistically significant (F=0.056, P=0.946, 0.004). There was a decrease in physical anxiety in the inhaler group of two drops .There was no significant difference in baseline levels of worry between groups of inhalation of one drop of lavender, two drops and placebo (F=2.64, P=0.089). The worry level of the subjects on the day of the competition was significantly higher than the baseline values (F=30.38, P=0.001, 0.530). This increase was independent of the group. (F=1.15, P=0.329, ƞ=0.079) . Inhalation of lavender essential oil could reduce the amount of concern caused by competition, which was dose-dependent reduction, so that the highest effect and in other words, a decrease in worry was observed in the inhaler group of two drops. There was no significant difference in baseline values of concentration disorder between inhalation groups of one drop of lavender, two drops and placebo (F=0.327, P=0.724). The concentration impairment on the day of the competition was significantly higher than the baseline values (F=14.29, P=0.001, 0.346). This increase was independent of the groupchr('39')s factor. (F=0.57, P=0.569, ƞ=0.041). Inhalation of lavender essential oil was able to reduce the amount of impaired concentration due to competition, which was dose-dependent reduction, so that the highest effect and in other words, a decrease in the amount of concentration disorder was observed in the inhaler group of two drops.

The results of this study also showed that inhalation of lavender essential oil had a significant effect on physical anxiety, worry and competitive concentration disorder resulting from participation in the official chess competition in child and adolescent chess players. With the chromatography of lavender essential oil used in the study, it was found that the highest amount was 8 and 1cinol, which has the effect of microbes and relaxation of smooth muscles, anesthenizing, anti-ellergy, lowering blood pressure and anti-inflammatory blood pressure and using it in the treatment of diseases (14). The presence of 8 and 1cinol in lavender compounds can reduce physical anxiety in this study. Then linalool has a higher percentage of other compounds in this plant and the analgesic effects of linalool are inhibited by naloxone, an opioid receptor antagonist (9). Linalool oxide is a family of oxidized oxides that are extrusors and stimulators of the nervous system. Linalyl acate is an example of asterials (10). Linalool and linalyl acate in lavender have the ability to stimulate the parasympathetic system. Therefore, this plant has sedative, analgesic and anti-perforated effects. Also, linalyl acate has narcotic and linalol properties with sedatio function, linalool is a competitive antagonist of NMDA receptors by inhibiting the activity of these receptors and causes analgesic effects (9). The characteristics mentioned for linalool and linalyl acate can also be a reason to reduce worry during the competition. Bornol diagnosed in lavender also has the effect of excretion of sumum from the body, increased energy and lively, treatment of depression (15). Linalol, Bornol, Nerol are a family of alcohols that are ergogenic, resusogenic, spasmotic. Camphor in Lavender is a kind of ketone that is relaxing, analgesic and digestive (10). The existence of linalool, bornol, nerol and camphor in this plant can be a factor in reducing concentration disorder. The results of this study showed that inhalation of lavender essential oil has a significant effect on physical anxiety, worry and competitive concentration disorder resulting from participation in the official chess competition in teenage male chess players.

This study designed a model of employee motivation based on organizational image and competence and perception of managers in employees of the General Department of Sports and Youth of Isfahan Province. This research is applied in terms of purpose.

According to the objectives of the research, the following four questionnaires were provided to the staff to collect data and include personal characteristics that have been prepared by the researcher based on the research needs of information about the individual characteristics of the subjects. Data related to gender, employment status, and degree of the subjects were collected through this questionnaire. In this study, descriptive and inferential statistics were used as follows. Descriptive statistics (frequencies, means, percentages, standard deviations and tables) were used to organize, summarize, classify raw scores, and describe sample sizes.The statistical population of this study consisted of all employees of the General Department of Sports and Youth of Isfahan Province, whose number was 327 people. Statistical sample of 149 people (male and female) were selected. In order to collect information, a researcher-made questionnaire of organizational image 61 questions of Motivation Questionnaire, Ojaghi in the year and the competency and perception questionnaire of Elric managers were used. Cronbachchr('39')s alpha was used to estimate internal reliability and factor analysis was used to evaluate the validity of the research tool. Given that the purpose of this study is to determine the correlation between variables and estimate the criterion variable from the predictor variables. To analyze the data, Pearson correlation coefficient, factor analysis, multivariate regression, path analysis and finally to present the model, the structural equation modeling method using SPSS 21 and LISRL software was used.

Organizational image is one of the most important factors in the growth or backwardness of organizations. Organizations should strive to know and understand their image and look for ways to improve this image, because by creating a positive mental image, they can achieve the highest levels of progress. Undoubtedly, gaining and maintaining a positive external image and image is one of the most important goals of all organizations. Today, most organizations spend a lot of time, resources and effort to create an effective image of their organization or business; Because whenever an organization has a positive image, its audience, stakeholders and customers will generally consider the behaviors and decisions of that organization as well as their experiences with it positive. On the other hand, if they have a negative image of that organization in their minds, the performance and behavior of that organization will be unrealistically influenced by negative perceptions and perceptions. The personality of the organization is characterized by signs. These signs include a diverse set of elements such as employee behavior, customer service, services and products that meet the needs and name of the organization, its logo and slogan. These signs, which are in fact the identity of the organization, create a mental image in peoplechr('39')s minds.According to the research results, one of the key preconditions is the motivation of employees to perceive competence, which is largely under the control of managers. This result was obtained in previous researches of Mirsafian Mirsafaei (2017) and Deh Pahlavani (2007) which shows that today organizational imagery has penetrated in all parts of the organization and even the most important human resource has not been deprived of this effect. Organizational imagery has enabled organizations to have a comprehensive and complete view of their resources, especially human resources. By using this system, it is possible to increase the level of employeeschr('39') authority and give them complete and necessary information so that they can perform the task or work of the organization in the best way. On the other hand, the expansion of activities and competencies of managers in the field of human resource management and continuous interaction between these activities and the need for coordinated planning in the effective recruitment and improvement of human resources is recognized as the most important strategic resource of any organization.The results of this study showed that the organizational image not only has a direct effect on motivation, but also its indirect effect through employee motivation is greater than its direct effect. It is also necessary for large organizations to create an appropriate information system and keep the information of this system up to date

According to the research results, one of the key preconditions is the motivation of employees to perceive competence, which is largely under the control of managers.Therefore, competent managers of the Department of Sports and Youth by creating a proper organizational image in the minds of employees can not only increase employee efficiency, but can also increase employee motivation, which is effective in the organization.
In general, the research results indicate that the organizational image encourages employees to perform behaviors that are beneficial to the organization; Behaviors that the organization directly benefits from (human resource competence) and behaviors that other employees benefit from. Another point is that the transparency of managerschr('39') competencies makes employees do a good job of portraying the organization and work with better motivation in the organization.  Therefore, it can be said that the competence of managers is a mechanism through which a proper organizational image is created and provides appropriate motivation in employees to perform activities. In practice, the results of this study can be used to teach organizational image skills to managers to improve their performance in dealing with employees and confront their attitudes to improve performance. Theoretically, at least now we can understand how employeeschr('39') attitudes and work behaviors (competence and motivation) are influenced by organizational image behaviors.When Zone seeks the organizational image and moves towards it, management and employees must play a dynamic role in the implementation of human resource activities. The organizational image of individuals towards an organization is considered an important factor determining the success or failure of that organization in various fields. In this image, we place a mirror in front of our organization and observe the internal and external situation of our organization. Today, creating and expanding changes in human resources through the organizational image is easily done and motivates the employees of an organization.

Bipolar disorder is one of the types of mood disorders that due to its fluctuating symptoms and properties, has adverse effects on the work performance of people with it. In fact, work problems are more common among people with bipolar disorder than other people with other mental disorders, and these people are more likely than other people with other mental disorders to quit their works, change works, or quit their works. They lose their work and are often unemployed. Despite the many work problems of bipolar patients and the losses caused by the impact of this disorder on their work, researches are needed to examine these problems in depth; However, no study has been found in Iran that has studied the occupational problems of bipolar patients in depth. Also researches conducted in this field abroad are mainly related to the subject and content of health insurance reports or reports of costs and economic and sociological losses of bipolar disorder and reporting statistics in this field or meta-analysis of researches and no research has not examined the lived experience of these patients in the workplace. Accordingly, the aim of the present study was to analyze the lived experience of people with bipolar disorder in the workplace and to address the question of  what is the work problems of patients with bipolar disorder in the workplace.The aim of this study was to phenomenologically analyze the lived experience of wok problems of patients with bipolar disorder.

In order to investigate the experiences and mental perceptions of patients with bipolar disorder type 2 and type 3 of their work problems, the phenomenological method of lived experience was selected from various qualitative research approaches. 48 bipolar patients participating in the study were selected using the available sampling method. Thus, from people with this disorder who received a diagnosis of type 2 or type 3 bipolar disorder from a psychiatrist and counselor and referred to a counseling clinic for psychological treatment, people who wished to participate in the study were selected. Sampling and interviewing continued until saturation and repetition in the work problems discovered from the content of the interviews were achieved. To collect data from in-depth semi-structured interviews (with questions such as: What are the work problems you have faced in the past or now? What are the factors and issues have been most effective in creating your work problems? What do others think of your work problems? Which of your work problems has been most annoying to you? Which of your work problems has not been solved and persisted? And...) was used. Interviews were conducted at a counseling center. The text of the interview was carefully rewritten and in the next session, the accuracy of the written text of the interview with the patient was examined. Kolaizi thematic analysis method was used to analyze the data. The results of the thematic analysis of the lived experience of bipolar patients in the workplace led to the identification of 554 primary codes or conceptual propositions that were evaluated based on their similarities and differences and finally classified into 14 sub-categories and 3 main categories.

Work problems of bipolar patients included 14 sub-categories which are classified into 3 main categories (work problems due to the symptoms of bipolar disorder, work problems related to the workplace and work problems related to the nature of work). Work problems in the shadow of the symptoms of bipolar disorder, ie problems that cause work problems for a person under the influence of clinical signs and symptoms of the disorder, whose sub-categories are: (sulks from the workplace, independence, creating problem, financial problems, poor work performance, problems with the opposite sex, disclosure of job secrets, lack of privacy and interference in the work of others, problems with those in power), work problems related to the workplace, in fact problems that a bipolar patient has due to This disorder is encountered in the workplace and these problems will exacerbate the symptoms of the disorder and its recurrence. Subcategories of work problems related to the workplace in bipolar patients include: (feeling insecure in the workplace, lack of understanding the symptoms of the disorder in the workplace, get stigmatized disorder, not being employed and part-time job opportunity) and work problems related to the nature of work. Work problems related to the nature of work mean that sometimes the characteristics of the job and its quality become problematic for the patient and create consequences that the sub-category of this problem is classified as (not challenging work).

The lived experience of people with bipolar disorder showed that the work problems of these patients in the workplace fall into three main categories of work problems in the shadow of symptoms of bipolar disorder, work problems related to the workplace and work problems related to the nature of work. Therefore, it seems that in the first step of the intervention, the symptoms of the disorder should be managed by prescribing medication and psychological strategies and the patient should be taught to overcome the symptoms. Naturally, because this disorder is not definitely curable, use rehabilitation counseling approaches to manage the symptoms of the disorder. Also, after managing the symptoms of the disorder, it seems necessary to use career rehabilitation counseling approaches to prevent and correct work-related problems, as well as career planning to solve work problems related to the nature of the selected work. In general, due to the debilitating nature of this work disorder, overdiagnosis or underdiagnosis of this disorder and the inadequacy of psychiatric and psychological therapies and their poor effectiveness on work problems among these patients so far, it is better to improve and manage this disorder towards rehabilitation approaches.

The history of the evolution of human societies indicates the important and civilizing role of science and technology in the formation of economic, social, cultural, and political relations. Along with the increasing speed and development of science and technology, economic, social, cultural, and political concepts and approaches have also changed and played a more colorful role in the development of economic, social, cultural, and political relations between the governments of the world. The expansion of the process of globalization and the entanglement of global relations has led to the formation of programs, policies, and actions of governments in various fields of science, economics, and culture in the global space and, therefore, the field of politics. International became an important variable in shaping the development of domestic and foreign infrastructures of countries. At present, many countries have used all their power and capacity to advance their foreign policy goals in various forms of diplomacy, so that scientific relations are of special importance in foreign policy and this, by the way, the subject of science and technology has become a topic of discussion in scientific and political circles and has led to the formation of a new type of diplomacy called "science and technology diplomacy". One of the important functions of diplomacy is science and technology in the economic field. Economically, it is argued that science and technology diplomacy can flourish the national economies of countries and save them from the abyss of destruction; Because in the first step, it increases the speed of scientific development, and in the second step, it creates a multitude of economic experiences and connections, and in the third step, it creates trade, industry, science and gross national income as one of the economic resources. One of the key indicators of a resilient economy is the Index of Economic Complexity. It is clear that these economies will be better able to withstand external shocks and will have a more resilient structure. A look at the global statistics shows that according to the ranking of the countries complexity index in 2016, among 127 countries in the world, Japan, Switzerland, South Korea, Germany, Singapore are ranked first to fifth, respectively. And Iran was ranked 87th. This is while in 2011 Iran was ranked 114th. According to the latest global ranking conducted in 2018, Iranchr('39')s ranking has changed to 101, which shows that it has not reached the desired position in terms of economic complexity index. It must be acknowledged that the resilience of the national economy requires a move towards economic complexity and the production and export of complex goods. This will not be achieved unless the production of knowledge-based products is on the agenda and priority of the countrychr('39')s products. The production of knowledge-based goods requires the interaction of different sciences together and the use of specialists in different sciences and the use of new and advanced technologies. Achieving advanced science and technology requires having successful diplomacy to establish effective interactions and exchanges with countries with new science and technology. Of course, it should not be overlooked that in realizing such a process, teamwork and strengthening the spirit of collectivism are also important. Given the current state of the countrychr('39')s troubled economy and the severe research vacuum regarding the use of an appropriate model to achieve "national economy resilience", the researcher seeks to present a model of science and technology diplomacy based on economic complexity to pay. Therefore, the main question of the present study is: What is the model of science and technology diplomacy, based on economic complexity, with the approach of the resilience of the national economy?

The present study is a qualitative research that was conducted by data theory. In this method, the researcherchr('39')s goal is to produce a conceptual model or framework, especially when there is insufficient information about the phenomenon under study. This approach is a general methodology for theory development based on data collection and analysis and is developed and discussed during the research process. In this method, in order to reach the theory and extract it from the collected data, the concepts and categories must be extracted by converting the expressions into code. The present study was conducted with the participation of 6 experts from the Scientific Policy Research Center of the country and 2 university professors in this field who were selected by purposive sampling method. After the emergence of the first classes, the choice of the next participant depended on how much he could help to enlighten the emerging classes. This sampling process continued until data saturation. In this study, after 12 interviews, data saturation was obtained and primary classes were formed. The interviews were conducted individually in a secluded room and in a quiet environment with the coordination of the interviewee. The main method of data collection in this study was semi-structured interview with open-ended question. All interviews were conducted by the lead researcher. The initial questions of the interview were such that participants were encouraged to talk freely about their experiences.

In the present study, the recorded interviews were carefully transcribed and their data were entered into Atlas TIA software. Then, by examining the text of the interviews line by line, coding, conceptualization and categorization the extracted codes were classified into 64 concepts and 17 categories. The process model of science and technology diplomacy based on economic complexity with the approach of resilience and health of the national economy indicates that "the need for economic development" and "the need for scientific development" are the main reasons for science and technology diplomacy based on economic complexity with the approach of resilience. And the health of the national economy is in the context of "production boom", "good and healthy governance" and "infrastructure". Strategies for achieving this phenomenon include: "conservation of specialized human resources", "territorial planning of development capacities", "knowledge management", "intelligent modeling of leading societies", and "benefiting from social capital". "International opportunities and threats" and "internal strengths and weaknesses" are intervening factors in the action/reaction between phenomena and strategies that can affect the speed of achieving strategies. Strengthen or weaken. The consequences of the phenomenon of science and technology diplomacy based on economic complexity with the approach of resilience and health of the national economy can be defined in two parts: national and transnational consequences.

The aim of this study was to present a model of science and technology diplomacy, based on economic complexity and the approach of resilience and health of the national economy. Findings showed that the causal conditions of the studied phenomenon consist of two categories: the need for economic development and the need for scientific development. Necessity of economic development with regard to conditions such as the need to exit the negative trade balance, the need to get rid of the monopoly economy and efforts to increase the resilience of the national economy and the need for scientific development due to the need to improve the scientific and technological position of the country, competitive Produced products and efforts to increase the complexity of manufactured products were identified and exploited. In general, the results of this study showed that the causal conditions of the studied phenomenon consist of two categories: the need for economic development and the need for scientific development. Necessity of economic development with regard to conditions such as the need to exit the negative trade balance, the need to get rid of the monopoly economy and efforts to increase the resilience of the national economy and the need for scientific development due to the need to improve the scientific and technological position of the country, competitive Produced products and efforts to increase the complexity of manufactured products were identified and exploited.

Empowerment of employees is one of the effective tools on increasing employee productivity and optimal use of capacities Their individual and group abilities are in line with organizational goals. In todaychr('39')s age of competition, there are successful organizations that use their full human capacity, employee empowerment leads to the emergence of talent and motivation and potential capacity of employees. Management should try to maintain the quality of performance of its employees by providing executive strategies. This means that the principles of any empowerment-based program can lead to productivity and lead to more production, better services, customer acquisition, and ultimately a greater share of domestic and foreign markets, and lead to improved performance and A qualitative view is organized in the organization (1). Empowerment of human resources is one of the most miraculous approaches to human development that leads to the growth of human resources. Empowerment is a constant movement and its importance is always increasing because the basis of development in todaychr('39')s business is to keep pace with social change, technological achievements and the demands of a competitive environment. In general, it can be said that human resources are the most valuable factor of production and It is the most important capital and the main source of competitive advantage and creates the basic capabilities of any organization. One of the most effective ways to achieve competitive advantage in the current situation is to make the employees of organizations more efficient. The overall purpose of this study was the role of individual and interpersonal factors and motivation and productivity in developing a model of human resource empowerment.

His research is applied in terms of purpose. The statistical population of the present study was 5860 people based on the information collected from the staff of sports and youth departments (north, east, west, south, center) of the country and 361 people were randomly selected using Krejcie Morgan method. . In this study, the researcher-made questionnaire and Motivation Questionnaire, Ojaghi in (2010) were used to collect data. To develop the model, a researcher-made questionnaire was prepared that included 69 questions in 5 sections. The first part of the questionnaire included demographic information such as gender, age and degree; The second part of the questionnaire includes individual factors and the third part of the questionnaire includes interpersonal factors. The Likert scale was used in the developed questionnaire and the coefficients 5, 4, 3, 2 and 1 were considered for the options I completely agree, agree, have no opinion, disagree and strongly disagree. Its validity was confirmed by confirmatory and exploratory factor analysis and its reliability was confirmed by Cronbachchr('39')s alpha and its value was 0.92. Also, Ojaghi Employee Motivation Questionnaire was developed in (2010). The reliability of this questionnaire was estimated 85% and had a validity of 0.86. The questionnaire was distributed to 361 employees of sports and youth departments across the country. According to the objectives of the research and the hypotheses presented, descriptive statistical methods (mean and standard deviation) and statistical methods were used to analyze the data. Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to evaluate the normal distribution of data. In this study, descriptive and inferential statistics including Pearson correlation coefficient and finally SEM Structural Equation Model (SEM) using SPSS22 and AMOS software were used to present a suitable model.

The results showed that the use of individual factors in developing a model of human resource empowerment and the use of interpersonal factors has a significant positive effect on the development of human resource empowerment model and increases the productivity of the organization.

The overall purpose of this study was to investigate the role of individual and interpersonal factors and motivation and productivity in developing a model of human resource empowerment. Findings of the present study showed that the use of individual factors has a significant effect on the development of human resource empowerment model. This finding means that in sports organizations, especially sports and youth departments throughout the country, factors such as motivation and productivity from the perspective of employees is a factor affecting their empowerment. From the perspective of Sharifzadeh et al., Empowerment means providing It is freedom for employees to perform their duties well . Other results of this study showed that the use of interpersonal factors and motivation and productivity in developing a model of human resource empowerment in sports organizations has a significant positive effect. In this study, interpersonal factors included communication, participation and teamwork. This means that from the perspective of the employees participating in this study, the more the managers of sports and youth administrations develop a participatory approach and teamwork in this organization, and in fact involve and involve all employees in current affairs and decision-making, the more Employee empowerment increases. In this regard, Farhangi et al. Defined the content of communication as a product of common meanings among the members of the organization. The content of communication is influenced by the organizational space The results showed that interpersonal factors have a significant positive effect on employee empowerment. Therefore, the findings of the present study are consistent with the research results of Roshandel Arbatani et al., Goodarzi et al., Rad et al., Mir Mohammadi et al. And Miri et al. But it is inconsistent with the findings of the worker and his colleagues. One of the possible reasons for this discrepancy is the difference in the statistical population of the research, because the present study was on the employees of the sports and youth departments of the country, while the worker and colleagues were on the employees of the non-sports organization. Employee empowerment is important and necessary because utilizing the potential capabilities of human resources is a great advantage for any organization. In individual productivity, the organization uses the set of potential talents and abilities of the individual in order to advance the organization, and by actually unleashing the potential forces and talents, the individual will move in the direction of great potential. Limitations of research Lack of access and impossibility with all departments of sports and youth of the whole country and lack or lack of available scientific resources, very few and limited scientific resources (at least in Persian) in this field are available that directly to the subject under study and research Was related.

Marriage as the most important social behavior to achieve emotional needs and security has always been considered by all psychologists, counselors, and other mental health professionals. Marriage is a complex, delicate, and dynamic relationship. Having a strong, warm, intimate and mutually respectful family is one of the consequences of a successful marriage that can lead to physical and mental health, comfort, peace, and safety of spouses and family members. The phenomenon of divorce is one of the most complex problems in married life in all societies and this complexity is due to the role of various individual, social, economic, cultural, and political factors in the occurrence of this phenomenon. The devastating effects of this social phenomenon cover a wide range and in addition to couples, it will also affect their children and threaten their mental health and quality of life; In this way, by creating a negative attitude towards marriage in children, it damages the quality of their future marital relations. The rising trend of divorce statistics and the existence of conflicts and turmoil in coupleschr('39') relationships have increased the motivation of researchers to find effective factors and appropriate solutions to deal with this relationship breakdown. Non-marital commitment is one of the effective factors in creating divorce between couples. Because one of the important characteristics of successful and long-term marriages is the existence of marital commitment, in fact, among the various human interactions, commitment is the most important qualitative aspect of a relationship. Adherence to the marriage covenant is also very important as a lasting mechanism and is one of the characteristics of successful and long-term marriages. Commitment to marriage increases life satisfaction and marital satisfaction. Also, another variable that plays a role in family health and well-being is cognitive flexibility. Cognitive flexibility refers to the degree to which an individual is experiential in the face of external and internal experiences. This personality trait exists in different people to different degrees and determines the type of reaction of people to new experiences. Today, various approaches to couple therapy and family therapy have been developed with the aim of reducing conflicts and communication disorders between couples. The goal of couple therapy is to help couples cope better with current problems and learn more effective ways to communicate. In the first stage, this treatment evaluates the coupleschr('39') communication style, and after the defenses are revealed, it reveals this style to the couple and determines its consequences, which is why couples gradually succeed. Recognize the repressed and subtle emotions that perpetuate this negative communication cycle and stop this cycle and improve their relationships based on interventions that have been proven to be effective in numerous studies. Thus, based on the above, it is clear that this type of intervention can be used in a couple of therapies. However, so far no research has specifically evaluated the effectiveness of this intervention on the components involved in coupleschr('39') satisfaction with the marital relationship. This makes it difficult to generalize the data. The present study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of this type of treatment on the two components of cognitive flexibility and social commitment of couples on men and women seeking a divorce.

The present study is applied in terms of purpose and semi-experimental in terms of method, in which a pre-test-post-test design with a control group and follow-up stage was used. The present study with the code IR.BPUMS.REC.1399.106 was approved by the ethics committee of Bushehr University of Medical Sciences. The research method was quasi-experimental with a pretest-posttest design with a control group. The statistical population of the present study consisted of all couples seeking a divorce in Malayer in 1398. The statistical sample consisted of 30 pairs that were selected by the available sampling method and randomly assigned to experimental (15 couples) and control (15 couples) groups. Criteria for entering the study were the complete consent of the couple to participate in the study, as well as the ability to attend regular sessions, not to use psychiatric drugs during treatment, and in the case of psychotherapy or medication, at least 6 months have passed. In addition, at least one year must have passed since their marriage and they have filed for divorce, while the couples participating in the study were matched in the experimental and control groups in terms of the age range, level of education, and economic status. After identifying the sample group, research tools were provided to both groups and the results were considered as a pretest. In the next stage, the subjects in the experimental group underwent 12 one-hour sessions of emotion therapy intervention. Dennis and Vanderwall (2010) and Adams and Joneschr('39')s (1997) Social Commitment Questionnaire were used to collecting data. The experimental group underwent 12 one-hour sessions of emotion therapy intervention. Data were analyzed by multivariate analysis of covariance.

The results showed that F values in post-test (5.30) and follow-up (7.67) of cognitive flexibility as well as post-test (15.24) and follow-up (25.46) of social commitment and also Their level of significance is less than 0.05, it is observed that there is a significant difference between the experimental and control groups in all variables in both post-test and follow-up stages (P <0.05).

Based on this, it can be stated that emotional therapy is effective on the components of flexibility and social commitment in couples seeking divorce and this type of intervention can be used in counseling and treatment of couples, especially couples with conflict. Used. Since this research has been done on couples seeking divorce in Malayer city, so caution should be exercised in generalizing the results. Another limitation of the present study was the reliance on data from the self-report questionnaire that in this style of data collection, the participant is likely to have difficulty expressing their emotions and cognitions, so it is suggested to increase statistical power and reliability of the findings to collect information from methods. Use as an interview or qualitative study. The results of the present study can be generalized and applied in different situations by considering the said limitations. It is also recommended that counselors provide reality therapy training courses for couples at risk of divorce.

Today, job success is one of the most important concerns of managers of various organizations. Since women make half of human society, sports organizations seek to benefit from womenchr('39')s leadership skills, opinions and experiences in order to meet the needs of women. A study of previous researches shows that they have only mentioned a small number of affecting factors in womenchr('39')s job success, with the significant growth of womenchr('39')s participation in sports, the need for successful and competent female managers is essential for the development of womenchr('39')s sports in the national and international arenas. At the present time, with the significant progress that has been made in the field of womenchr('39')s education and social participation in the country, we are also witnessing their success in managerial activities, and women, unlike previous eras, who behaved only within the male-dominated world, today, play a role in all aspects of growth and development at the national, regional and global levels. Therefore, due to the importance of the subject, the purpose of this study is to identify the affecting factors in womenchr('39')s job success. Since female managers who work in sports organizations have gone from low to high levels in this organization and have more comprehensive view of the issue, the researcher intends to determine the affecting factors in womenchr('39')s job success in sports through interviews with these people?

This research is applied in terms of purpose and also the method of collecting data is descriptive. The research strategy is a mixed-method which is done after defining the research question and conducting preliminary exploratory and library studies and open (qualitative) interviews. Factors and components related to the success of female managers working in the Ministry of Sports and Youth were identified through theme analysis. In the next stage, to confirm each of the factors, a questionnaire was designed and provided to experts, female managers working in the Ministry of Sports and Youth and also the Sports and Youth Departments of Tehran Province to express their agreement with each of these factors. Sampling was done by purposive method. The data collection tool was a semi-structured interview. The researcher reached theoretical saturation after 14 interviews. In the quantitative section, a questionnaire was designed and provided to expert, female working in the Ministry of Sports and Youth and also the Sports and Youth Department of Tehran Province. After validation, the reliability of the questionnaire was confirmed by using Cronbachchr('39')s alpha coefficient. SPSS was used to determine the normality or abnormality of the data. After using Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, it was found that the data have a normal distribution. To study the research hypotheses then one-sample T-test was used to examine the status of each variable at a significance level of 0.05.

First, in the qualitative stage, through interviews with 14 female managers working in sports and youth departments and also through theme analysis in six stages (data familiarity, creating initial codes, searching for selective codes, Formation of sub-themes, definition and naming of main themes and preparation of reports) affecting factors in womenchr('39')s job success in sports were identified. The results of demographic questions in the quantitative section of job success show that education of 80% of respondents is Bachelor and Master of sience degree. Also, 61.3% of the respondents are married and 95.1% have more than 11 years of employment experience. After conducting semi-structured interviews with female employees and managers of sports, by studying among the sub-themes, the researcher achieved 4 main themes that can be explained in the field of research. These themes include career success, individual factors, organizational factors and extra-organizational factors. These themes represent the most abstract level of classification and analysis of data collected in this study. The main themes of the research are in fact the pattern of womenchr('39')s job success in sports. In fact, by analyzing the manuscripts obtained from the interviews, four main themes were extracted which included job success (2 sub-themes), individual factors (4 sub-themes), organizational factors (3 sub-themes) and extra-organizational factors (2 sub-themes). In the quantitative part, the staff approval with each of the identified themes is confirmed.
 

The results show that the first sub-theme related to organizational factors is managerial factors. Leadership is one of the main tasks of managers and is a basic process in any organization. The important role of the leader in the organization as a leader of group activities, points out that the leader has a significant impact on group performance and is a key element in advancing the goals of the organization. The success and failure of the organization owes much to its leaders. Leadership quality affects the future of the organization and its employees. Another sub-theme of organizational factors is structural factors. Organizational structure refers to the patterns of internal relations of the organization, authority and communication. Organizational structure is the pattern of communication between departments and components of an organization. In this study, organizational structure includes organizational rules and regulations, control and evaluation of employees, observance of justice and meritocracy, organizational support, job security, organizational facilities, training and promotion opportunities, transparency in the role, freedom and job independence and also empowerment of women. These structures affect womenchr('39')s job success. The third sub-theme of organizational factors is organizational culture. Organizational culture is considered as a vital indicator in the success of any organization and affects all aspects of organizational activity. Danaeifard and Alvani (2011) express that, patterns of beliefs, symbols, rituals, stories and customs that have emerged over time are in any organization. These patterns create a common understanding of the nature of the organization and how members treat each other. Therefore, it can be concluded that organizational culture plays an essential role in the job success of women working in sports. The fourth identified theme is extra-organizational factors, which include two sub-themes: socio-cultural environment and political environment. Examining the value of t, for both sub-themes, indicates that it is higher than the value of 1.96; This indicates that employees agree on the existence of these two factors as factors in womenchr('39')s job success in sports. Stelzo et al. (2006) research showed that beliefs and tendencies that consider women less qualified than men and devalue womenchr('39')s activities less than menchr('39')s activities not only prevent women from being promoted to prestigious positions, but also destroy their inner motivation and sense of competence and efficiency.The second sub-theme of extra-organizational factors is the political environment.Therefore, governments can play a key role in success of women by enacting laws and regulations related to employment and job advancement as well as enacting laws to support womenchr('39')s management . Finally, it can be mentioned that womenchr('39')s job success in sports can not be achieved exclusively by individual actions and requires an understanding of the determinants factors from the perspective of the individual, family, organization and society. According to the research findings, it is suggested to the officials to pay attention simultaneously to individual and organizational and extra-organizational factors since it has more effects on womenchr('39')s success.

These are very important and influential elements on the productivity of sports teams, players, and sports coaches. Therefore, their physical and especially mental condition is of special importance in sports teams. Successful teamwork requires self-confidence and belief in the abilities of the team. In sports, and especially in team sports, like other groups and organizations, the necessary condition for achieving a common goal is to have faith in onechr('39')s own abilities and those of the team. The competitive and stressful nature of sport imposes many demands on the athlete, and athletes experience a wide range of positive and negative emotions before, after, and during a competition, which in turn greatly affects athletic success. One of the most significant negative emotions is competitive anxiety because it is one of the main causes of decreased performance of athletes and with its increase, the incidence of injury and withdrawal from sports, and exhaustion in athletes increases. Anxiety is a negative emotional state that is associated with physical arousal activity in feelings of anger, sadness, stress, self-centeredness, and anxiety, and negatively affects a personchr('39')s attention and cognition. On the other hand, sports performance is closely related to perfectionism. The motivation for perfection and its effect on human states and behavior has been extensively discussed by psychologists throughout history. Perfectionism is known as the tendency towards perfect performance, setting high-level goals, and rigorous self-evaluations. Perfectionism is essentially the persistent desire of the individual to set complete and unattainable standards and strive to achieve them, which is accompanied by critical self-assessment of personal performance. In contrast, positive perfectionism is the strongest predictor of athletic success. Psychological toughness has been considered a resilient personality trait in the face of stress. People who are strong in the control component consider life events to be predictable and controllable and believe that they are able to influence what is happening around them by trying. The performance of people with complete control shows that they deal with stressful events and insist on their responsibilities for life and are able to act independently. People who are at a high level in the component of struggle, instead of relying on fixed aspects of life, focus on making changes and adapting to the situation. Accordingly, research in the field of sports psychology is necessary and unavoidable to identify important and influential variables within the individual in order to help athletes perform sports skills and also reduce factors such as anxiety that impair performance and efficiency. Given the above, research into the factors associated with competitive anxiety is important; Therefore, the present study seeks to develop a model for predicting the competitive anxiety of national team athletes based on perfectionism mediated by psychological hardiness.

The research method is descriptive and of correlation schemes and structural equation modeling method. The statistical population in this study included all athletes of national individual and team teams in 1398. To select the sample, the purposeful sampling method was used, so that among the athletes of national teams based on the criteria for entry and exit of the research (criteria for entry into the study, including being in the age category (18-35) years having at least a diploma, membership in a national team with a minimum of 6 months of national experience, and exclusion criteria are a history of acute psychiatric disorders during the past year and are available as a sample group. The sample size was 300 athletes who were selected based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria of the study and available. The research tools included Kubasachr('39')s (1989) Hardness Questionnaire, Martens et al.chr('39')s Competitive Anxiety Scale (1990), and Short et al.chr('39')s Perfectionism Questionnaire (1995). The collected data were analyzed by structural equation modeling.

The results of data analysis showed that the model of predicting competitive anxiety based on perfectionism, considering the role of stubborn mediator based on experimental data, has a good fit. Perfectionism also directly affects athleteschr('39') competitive anxiety (p<0.05). Stubbornness also directly affects athleteschr('39') competitive anxiety (p<0.05).

In general, the findings of the present study raised the importance and necessity of paying attention to the mediating variables of perfectionism as effective factors with competitive anxiety in athletes. Among the limitations of the present study include: Structural relationships of variables were tested through structural equation modeling, which is a non-experimental method. Non-experimental methods have limitations such as the lack of control of some interveners, such as the level of education in the sport, which should be considered. The sample of the present study were athletes of Iranian national teams. Therefore, caution should be exercised in generalizing the results to other groups and other athletes. Therefore, it is suggested that research on competitive anxiety and its antecedents be conducted in communities other than the community of national team athletes (for example, semi-professional athletes) to compare the effectiveness of competitive anxiety on research variables in different groups.

Marriage is the first and most important stage of the family life cycle and is considered the most important factor in creating a healthy society and a very important phenomenon. In this category, choosing a spouse as the cornerstone of family formation is very important and in fact all the emotions, the reproductive process, educating the next generation, the responsibility to meet the future needs and challenges of our lives depend on it (1). Criteria for choosing a spouse are perceptions of the characteristics that are required of an imaginary mistress or potential spouse, and many of these perceptions are clearly related to emotions. Adequate information about your plans and tasks in your life together will help you start a successful life. Awareness of couples about what strengthens or destroys the relationship in married life, helps them succeed in their life together. Psychologists have stated about the criteria for choosing a spouse that there are different ideas in choosing a spouse (2). Resilience is one of the factors that can improve the psychological functions of the family in the form of thinking, mood and behavior, and consequently increase the stability of married life. Family resilience provides a theoretical framework for understanding familieschr('39') capacity to cope with crises, challenges, grievances, their successful resolution, and adjustment. When a crisis or stress arises, families try to balance their needs and capacities (3). How families make a difference depends on the skills and resources available to them to overcome the crisis, which creates different levels of resilience. On the other hand, the family itself is often a protective factor in resilience (4). Given that marriage and family formation is a matter in which the individualchr('39')s will is involved, and since the foundation stones of any society are families, any factor affecting the health of the family has an impact on the health of society. Also, doing this research looks more tangible and specific by looking at the statistics related to divorce. Therefore, according to the mentioned cases, the purpose of this research is to predict family resilience on the stability of marital life.

The present study was in the category of descriptive correlational research that was conducted by field method in the statistical population of all married couples in Tehran in the second six months of 2019. In order to perform sampling of the present community, first, according to the size of the research community, all cultural centers and houses in the neighborhood of municipal areas in Tehran were identified and randomly selected from two municipal areas and two cultural centers from each area were randomly selected; After selecting the cultural center, married men and women were selected as a multi-stage cluster and all participants who were eligible to enter the study, such as living in the municipality of Tehran, no acute or chronic psychiatric disorders, minimum cycle education, age range 25 Up to 50 years and willingness to participate in the research were used as required subjects in completing the questionnaire. To prevent a drop in the sample, a total of 400 married men and women were asked to answer the questionnaires, and finally, after removing incomplete questionnaires, 379 questionnaires remained to analyze the data. Research data were analyzed using SPSS-24 statistical software and stepwise regression method.

The collected data were analyzed in descriptive and inferential sections. In the demographic data section, statistical data analysis showed that the mean age of the subjects was 38.29 with a standard deviation of 7.09 and the average age of their cohabitation was 12.5 with a standard deviation of 6.59. According to the results of the regression model, the effect of family resilience on the stability of marital life with a value of F = 18.69 at the level of p<0.01 is significant. The multiple correlation coefficient of this model is equal to 0.36 and the coefficient of predicting the stability of marital life based on family resilience is equal to 0.13, which means that 13% of changes in the stability of marital life can be determined by the variable components of family resilience. Is a prediction. In the following, Table 3 of the standard beta coefficients shows the effect of variable components of family resilience on the stability of marital life. Also, the variables of family resilience have an effect on the stability of marital life of the sample group at the level of p<0.01. The standard beta of the effectiveness of marital stability has been reported from the components of problem solving as 0.14, social dimension as -0.18 and acceptance as -0.22. Therefore, according to the obtained results, the seventh sub-hypothesis of the study on the effect of family resilience on the stability of marital life was confirmed.

The purpose of this study was to predict family resilience on the stability of married life. In explaining the present findings, it should be stated that resilience refers to the human ability to adapt to disasters or severe pressures, to overcome and even strengthen by those experiences. This trait is supported, developed, and crystallized as a positive trait by a personchr('39')s inner ability and social skills and interaction with the environment (5). Families with resilience are resilient, resilient, adapt to changes in the environment, and quickly recover after stressors are eliminated (6). In other words, family resilience is the individual, family, and social ability to cope with and return to the situations or stresses of a miserable life that increase the ability to respond to future tragedies and to adapt positively in response to circumstances. It gets bad. Researchers also believe that resilience is a form of restoration with positive emotional, emotional and cognitive consequences. But because of the characteristics of resilient families, the ability to create self-regulation or self-control. In general, personality traits such as positive self-concept, sociability, intelligence, adequacy in educational work, autonomy, self-esteem, good communication, problem-solving skills, and mental and physical health (7). Therefore, it can be said that a stable married life is affected by the ability to withstand. It is suggested that couples living in unstable families be taught strategies to increase family resilience to reduce their conflicts and increase the sustainability of their lives. In general, it can be said that resilience is one of the most important factors in marital life and its stability.

In todaychr('39')s world, one of the salient features of human societies that are affected by rapid progress and development is the complexity of cultural, social, and economic problems of societies. The stability, preservation, and survival, progress, and development of these communities are possible only by solving problems in the best possible way. Universities, as a small but important part of human society, are no exception to this rule. Therefore, to survive, to overtake competitors in the market of competition and development and progress, they must identify problems and eliminate them in the shortest possible time. Therefore, in the current competitive and complex era, which has led to the rapid growth of higher education institutions and the blurring of global boundaries, introducing the brand of a university to its stakeholders is of particular importance. One of these new forms of branding is the "organizational brand". A phenomenon that has emerged rapidly from several years ago and has attracted special attention. The term organizational brand represents something that connects people to the organization. Leads to a positive attitude towards the brand. This type of attitude is a psychological contract between the organization and employees. Accordingly, Wilden 2010 mentions the organizational brand as a tool to ensure the achievement of a skilled and competent workforce, as well as increasing the commitment and loyalty of the current employees of the organization. Therefore, all organizations are involved in the competition and attracting academic elites, and this branding is a concern for all institutions, and higher education can also help to attract better and elite students. Thus, universities have realized the importance of attracting students and having distinctive mental images in a competitive market, so that increasing competition between universities for student enrollment has forced them to create a set of desirable characteristics. And create a unique brand to attract potential students. Therefore, they can create the most valuable mental image among competitors by branding the potential capacities of higher education. Therefore, paying attention to the issue of branding in the field of universities is necessary to achieve a competitive advantage. Therefore, identifying the factors affecting the behavior of customers and organizational brand is important that in this study, psychological factors and mental, cultural, and social health were mentioned. One of the most important quality policies of the organization in universities such as the Islamic Azad University of the Islamic Republic of Iran is the qualitative development of human resources and the attraction of human capital. Of course, to achieve this, organizational branding is needed, and since organizational branding is a set of factors that make the organization a good place to work, so those factors must be identified and strengthened. Given the challenges that the present and future environment of Iranian organizations such as the Islamic Azad University will involve, so the researcher to identify and research variables, namely psychological and mental health factors, socio-cultural factors in brand development. A paid organization that other researchers in the field of brand management have paid less attention to. Therefore, the present study seeks to answer the question: Do psychological and mental health factors, socio-cultural factors affect the organizational brand of Islamic Azad University?

The research method is descriptive and of correlation schemes and structural equation modeling methods. The statistical population in this study included all the presidents and deputies of the Islamic Azad University in 1398. To select the sample, the available purposive sampling method was used, in such a way that among the presidents and deputies of the Islamic Azad University based on the criteria for entry and exit of the research (criteria for entry of subjects in the research, brand awareness and having Work experience was in the units of Islamic Azad University and the exclusion criteria were unwillingness to answer questions honestly and dissatisfaction to participate in the study) and was selected as a sample group. In this study, a total of 300 questionnaires were distributed in person among the presidents and deputies of the Islamic Azad University who were available. Of these, 245 were answered correctly and 55 were unanswered. The number of research samples in the present study reached 245 people who were experts who participated in filling out the questionnaire. In order to collect data and information, a researcher-made questionnaire was used for analysis, which includes two parts: general and specialized questions. In 3 general questions (including age, gender, and work experience) we tried to collect general and demographic information about the respondents, also with 45 specialized questions in the field of the organizational brand to try to measure the dimensions of psychological and mental health factors, socio-cultural factors The effect on the organizational brand in Islamic Azad University was measured. Specialized questions in the form of 2 categories of psychological and mental health (including components of mental factors, mental health, positive mental image, attitude) and categories of socio-cultural factors (including components of physical condition, community atmosphere, social environment, cultural environment, Engagement, Attraction Value, Universal Value) with 45 items identified by the Likert process from "too little to too much". Statistical analysis in this study was performed using smart pls and spss 20 software. Structural equation modeling with the help of smart pls software version 3 was used to examine the relationships between research variables.

The results showed that psychological factors and mental health factors (mental factors, mental health, positive mental image, attitude), socio-cultural factors (physical conditions, community atmosphere, social environment, cultural environment, involvement, value, attractiveness, value Universality) have an effect on the organizational brand phenomenon of Islamic Azad University and also the research model has a favorable fit.

It seems that the use of the organizational brand model in Islamic Azad University can have a suitable and practical position among the managers of this organization; Therefore, correct and scientific planning and strategy for the development of the organizational brand model in universities can be introduced as the highest strength of higher education managers in this field.

Suicide is the second leading cause of death among adolescents worldwide (1). Reducing suicide rates requires a wide range of public health interventions (2, 3). However, researchers and policymakers recommend strengthening positive social and family ties because family and social dependencies can reduce suicidal behavior in young people and adults (2). It is believed that the high prevalence of suicide in adolescents can be based on variables such as substance abuse (4), mood-emotional disorders (5), antisocial behavior (6), low self-esteem (7); Predicted family conditions (8), and poor economic conditions (9). However, few studies have examined the factors influencing it in families on the verge of divorce. The aim of the study was to determine the prediction of suicidal ideation based on the difficulty of emotional regulation, cognitive flexibility, family flexibility and distress tolerance in adolescents and young families on the eve of divorce in Isfahan.

The present study was a descriptive correlation that was performed in the statistical population of all adolescents and young families on the eve of divorce in Isfahan in the second half of 2019. According to the Cochranchr('39')s formula, 373 people were selected and answered Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation Gratz & Roemer Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale, Dennis& Vander Cognitive Flexibility Inventory, Shakeri Family Flexibility Questionnaire (2003), Simons & Gaher distress tolerance scale, (2005). Data collected by Pearson correlation coefficient and stepwise regression were analyzed using SPSS-24 software.

Findings showed that the predictive model of suicidal ideation based on the variables of emotional regulation difficulty, psychological flexibility and family flexibility has a favorable fit with respect to the mediating role of distress tolerance. The anxiety tolerance variable can play a mediating role between the variables of emotion regulation difficulty, family flexibility and cognitive flexibility. It also means that the indirect path, which starts from the predictor variables and starts from the difficult path of emotion regulation, cognitive flexibility and family flexibility, ends in suicidal tendencies, while the stress tolerance variable acts as a mediating variable between the predictor variables. And be the criterion, has more validity than direct routes (p <0.05).

The results of this study show that suicide attempts in adolescents and young people living on the verge of divorce are influenced by individual, psychological and family variables, including difficulty in regulating emotion, cognitive flexibility, family flexibility and tolerance. Distress pointed out. Also, the present data showed that in this regard, the distress tolerance variable can be used as a mediating variable among the variables of suicidal ideation and difficulty in regulating emotion, cognitive flexibility and family flexibility and the effects of these variables on suicidal ideation. Adjust adolescents and young people living in divorced families; Therefore, according to the obtained result, due to limitations such as the use of the statistical population of families on the verge of divorce, caution should be observed in generalizing the research findings to individuals and other communities; Also, according to the findings of the present study, it is suggested that during the consensual divorce sessions offered to families, sessions be provided for children to teach them the skills of increasing anxiety tolerance to prevent self-harming behaviors. As a final result of the research, it can be said that increasing distress tolerance skills can reduce the tendency to commit suicide in high-risk maples.

Participation in the management responsibilities of any organization has a special place that is not possible without the participation of the management of an organization in a desirable way. An organization in one definition is "the collaborative effort of individuals to accomplish common goals." Examining the performance of our organizations shows that we are a long way from optimal productivity, and participation helps organizations to respond appropriately to the new conditions that lie ahead. The development of new technologies has not been able to provide a good way for organizational participation in Iran. In a complex and changing world, the key to the success of organizations is the participation and consensus of minds. Employee participation stems from the belief in human relations management and is a sign of attention to the growth of human personality and takes steps to meet the needs of respect and self-determination of employees. Participation is one of the most effective aspects of establishing human relations in organizations, especially educational organizations. Participation is a set of actions that increase the degree of influence and responsibility of employees (teachers, students, and parents) in the decision-making process, through delegation at different levels of the organization, and a sense of ownership of the organization and belonging to the organization in people who created a form related to the organization. Unfortunately, despite the many benefits of participation, due to the lack of a desirable model and pattern and the lack of awareness of managers, and the prevalence of traditional management in Iran, there is still little desire to use new management systems and models of participation. There is very little empirical evidence in the field of designing and explaining the model of participation in education. For this purpose, this study designs a model of participation in education in Mazandaran province and can be a new and important issue. Educational centers with the growth of globalization Communications face many challenges and due to the role and mission of educational and cultural organizations in human resource management, the importance of the research topic is doubled. On the other hand, what supports the need for this research are the views of different people on the components. Affecting Organizational Participation, McKenzie Consulting Companychr('39')s Model 7S can examine and analyze the various dimensions of the organization and suggest a suitable model. The present study is thematically important because education requires financial resources. And education is a human being, education is an effective and fundamental organization for the development of society, the pressure of technology and globalization, a change that organizations, including educational organizations, are facing and in this regard are seeking to recreate themselves (7) Empirical evidence A little in the field The model of participation in education has been designed and this research can be new and important in education. Methodologically, this research is also important because due to the rapid changes in educational organizations, the factor that can increase trust in educational organizations is participation and the components affecting participation in each community can be different. Modeling localization also helps to be selected from the factors and processes that have the greatest impact on participation. The researcher, knowing the limitations of designing an optimal participation model in education, considers it necessary that this study be one of the pioneering tasks in documenting the initial stages. This method should be in the education of Mazandaran and should be a response to the challenges facing educational organizations.

The research method was qualitative, using a panel of experts, there were 32 expert members and experts. To finalize the categories obtained from the indicators obtained from the agreement of experts and the outputs of exploratory factor analysis, as well as naming the markers in different dimensions, a focus group was formed to design the model. In this research, one of the tools of the qualitative stages of structured and semi-structured interviews has been.

The results showed that the number of samples used in the panel of experts is sufficient for factor analysis and its implementation. Of the 81 markers used, according to experts, the total variance table, and focal group theory practices, only 35 remained to design the model. Teachers were designed in Mazandaran education.

The most important research finding can be considered as the final research model. This model shows the favorable situation of education in Mazandaran to achieve organizational participation. The current situation was examined and compared using this model to determine the gap between the two situations. In other words, to achieve organizational participation or its continuous improvement, Mazandaran education must reach the top in the next seven weeks and 35 indicators related to them.

Research has shown that the type of management affects the production of commercial advertising content based on established values. In this regard, content management can change as a result of the values and health of society. The function of the media in the age of communication is undoubtedly undeniable in all aspects of social and cultural life of human societies. In such a society, new means of mass communication with the production and optimal distribution of information, play a great role in raising various and necessary awareness and help society in achieving excellence and all-round progress. They do. Now, it is the media that by adopting dynamic social policies and combining it with culturalist policies can be a factor of fusion, balance and linking to the original beliefs and fertile traditions of society, and by expanding the definition of creativity and increasing cultural growth to development. Help countries in every way and make ideas dynamic. Stone advertising is the foundation of marketing strategies and the survival of companies depends on their ability to create value for customers and attract them to buy the product. Advertising is one of the most important communication tools for people who want to sell a product or serve someone. It is not in vain that, despite the relatively high cost of advertising, it is referred to as an investment, not a cost. The role of women in the media has changed over time and this role is determined by the cultural values of society. The main goal of organizations in advertising is to reach potential customers and influence their knowledge, attitude and buying behavior. Today, watching TV shows is associated with watching commercial messages. Commercial messages in the media come in many forms. Among other issues that have attracted the attention of researchers; Ethical issues are religious values and beliefs, as well as the methods used to convey the message of commercial propaganda. Despite the advent of online media, television advertising has remained an important channel through which brands communicate with consumers. Therefore, the main purpose of the research was to manage the content of value-based national media commercials.

In this study, a combined qualitative and quantitative method was used. The statistical population of this research is composed of top experts and professors in the field of media and advertising, of which 14 were identified. In the qualitative stage, after collecting the subject literature and upstream documents (instructions) of related organizations, the necessary evaluations were performed by content analysis method.

After studying the upstream documents and instructions and articles related to advertising and values, finally 263 value indices were extracted, which after removing duplicate indices, 146 final indices were identified, which in 8 dimensions, respectively, cultural values consisting of 7 components. (Family, creating values, culture of covering society, animal rights, law education, womenchr('39')s rights, childrenchr('39')s rights) and then historical and literary values with 1 component (history and literature) and then medical and safety values with 3 components (health , Nutrition, safety) and the dimension of religious values with 1 component (sacred) and the dimension of national values (national values) and the dimension of social values with 2 components (moral and behavioral, rule of law) and the dimension of economic and industrial values with 3 Components (production, finance, energy) and then graphic and technical values with 3 components (visual, audio and technical quality) and 21 components and 146 indicators were categorized. In order to determine the important and effective indicators of the proposed method, there was a need for experts and knowledgeable people who are able to determine and study the indicators of the model and help in some way in conducting research. To use the opinions of these experts, it was necessary to form a specialized working group in two Delphi rounds.

Among the various forms of advertising, television advertising - commercials - is known as the most effective means of advertising, which is of particular importance due to the breadth of coverage and the number of audiences. "Television is the most effective medium for promoting goods," Dancy said. Advertisers can display their goods (and services) to viewers who are watching a particular genre of television programming and describe its characteristics. Huckley also believes that "TV commercials are the most visible and credible form of commercial advertising and the most compelling way to get the advertising message to millions of viewers. Appearing on TV gives a brand a cheap reputation and with a wave of outward movement , Affects not only consumers, but also employers, sellers, etc. That is why various institutions, companies and institutions spend billions of dollars annually to sell their goods and products through various national and transnational television networks to the general public, or in other words, potential customers. To know themselves. Social values and norms are preference criteria that have a general and social status. These values must come from a social origin and have been brought about by the collective life of man, or they must fulfill a social purpose such as order and security; The values to which a person adheres as a member of a human society. Changing values lead to changing social relations and changing the social system; Hence, the issue of changing social values is one of the areas of interest for social scholars. Value is a special kind of belief that is enduring and, in a way, contains a command and example for onechr('39')s behavior. A value can be a tool of behavior (truth, sensitivity) or a desired behavior (success, empowerment). Values are the deep-rooted feelings that members of society share, and they determine the actions and behavior of society. Every society places great value on family life, the observance of religious norms, the observance of parental rights, the preservation of manners and respect for elders. Designing a value-based approach to producing commercial media content for national media can be effective in creating the right culture and persuasion of the audience and be the basis for further applied research.

In the current situation of organizations, empowerment of human capital of organizations is a key and important element that can help the dynamism and prosperity of organizations and create a suitable organizational environment to increase productivity. One of the central aspects of paying attention to human resources of the organization is the concept of empowerment, which is introduced as a category that fits people, tasks, technology, information processes, rewards and organizational structure and ultimately guides the organization to achieve efficiency and effectiveness. Some researchers in this field believe that the presence of capable and committed human resources in any organization while reducing absenteeism, latency, relocation, will significantly increase the performance of the organization, employee vitality, and better manifestation of the organizationchr('39')s lofty goals and achieve individual goals. To achieve its goals, the organization must have capable, creative, knowledgeable, satisfied and motivated employees (3). Due to the importance of empowerment in improving the professional manpower field, organizations strive to empower their employees in order to provide better services and improve the level of competence of their professionals in practice. In fact, efficient human resources are the main indicator of the superiority of one organization over other organizations. Organizational effectiveness is a necessary and fundamental issue for all organizations and institutions (15), which, along with the process of science advancement, empowerment, especially in sports federations; sport activities; Sports coaches and teachers play an important role. Although several studies have been conducted in recent years in the field of evaluation of staff empowerment indicators, but the registered research work on the status of empowerment indicators among physical education teachers in Iran has not been done. And the researches in the field of management indicators of improving the quality of services provided in organizations, show that it is important for them to provide the necessary facilities and equipment in this regard. Environmental change and increasing global competition have placed the issue of employee empowerment in the focus of managers, as it creates the potential capacity to exploit human capabilities. Employees today, on the other hand, have different needs. Salaries, benefits, and safety requirements are no longer the only motivating factors, but the needs of human beings today go beyond that. One of the basic needs of todaychr('39')s employees of organizations is their like-mindedness, participation and consultation in affairs. On the other hand, the increasing growth of change causes the manager to no longer be able to answer all the issues alone. Rather, the entire organization will be responsible in some way, and the pressure will be on all members of the organization, because decisions will be made with the participation of individuals. Therefore, the present study has been designed and implemented to answer the question "What is the status of" personality, psychological and cultural "indicators affecting the empowerment of physical education teachers in Iran?"

The present study was conducted in terms of data collection, survey and fieldwork. The statistical population includes all teachers and physical education teachers of the Ministry of Education of Iran, who were working in the 97-96 academic year. In the structural equation modeling methodology, the sample size can be determined between 5 and 15 observations for each measured variable: 5Q

The study population was 600 people who were selected from 33201 general education teachers in the provinces of the country, 366 (about 61.0%) were men and 234 (about 39.0%) were women. Their mean age was 43.7. 10.8 years and their mean work experience was 39.8. 28.8 years.
The findings showed that six organizational, personal, motivational, socio-cultural, educational-professional and equipment indicators play an important role in explaining the empowerment of physical education teachers.

Among the six indicators studied, the personality trait index was in the first place and was of great importance. This can be a basis for developing appropriate human resource strategies to achieve human resource empowerment. Finally, it is suggested that the directors of the Ministry of Education try to assign responsibilities in the organization according to the spirits and knowledge of individual characteristics of individuals and also according to the individual experience of each person. And also to provide conditions for physical education teachers to perform their assigned tasks in attractive and satisfying environments in order to have the necessary efficiency and effectiveness in carrying out this important matter. Also, by creating the infrastructure of participatory management and delegating authority at the level of management of sports delegations, the process of transforming the current pyramidal and traditional management into participatory and network management should be accelerated and the macro policies of the organization should be clearly provided to coaches. Appropriate reward systems based on human resource productivity in the organization are designed and implemented to improve the recognition and appreciation index. Also, the reasons for the decrease in the sub-indicators of empowerment by increasing the level of education should be evaluated during analytical research.

In the field of the effect of cognitive and emotional stimuli on cognitive and behavioral reactions of customers, various studies have been conducted inside and outside the country. Zarei and Naseri Ashtrani (2015) have investigated the effect of consumer behavior situation on behavioral reactions mediated by perceived value and emotional responses. Findings indicate that the situation of consumer behavior has a positive and significant effect on perceived value and behavioral response. Emotional responses also have a positive and significant effect on the consumerchr('39')s behavioral response. In Spain, Garcia Fernandez et al. (2018) examined the effect of perceived service comfort and quality on the value of perception, satisfaction and loyalty in low-cost fitness centers. Findings have shown that ease of purchase has a positive and significant effect on perceived value. Roy et al. (Roy et al., 2018) investigated a study entitled Customer Behaviors: The Role of Service Convenience, Justice and Quality. The results show that service convenience and perceived service fairness have a positive effect on customer interaction. Chang et al. (2012) A study on the effect of the dimensions of shopping convenience on behavioral intention: with a mediating role of customer satisfaction, the results showed that among the five dimensions of shopping convenience, the effect of two dimensions of profitability and after-profit convenience on Customer satisfaction and the intention to buy customers are positively and meaningfully supported. By understanding the relationships between cognitive and emotional stimuli and cognitive and behavioral responses of customers, planned and more effective moves in the direction of achieving customer orientation and creating a change in the culture of shopping and consumption in chain stores can be achieved. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of cognitive stimulus on behavioral and cognitive reactions by referring to the moderating role of emotional stimulus in chain stores in Iran. Therefore, the main question of the research is what effect does the convenience of services have on the cognitive and behavioral reactions of customers and what is the role of emotion in this regard?

The research was conducted by correlation method and structural equation finding approach with an applied purpose. The statistical population of the study was the customers of chain stores in the country and the statistical sample consisted of 298 people of simple stratified cluster form and random among the customers of Janbo and Kourosh chain stores in nine cities: Isfahan, Urmia, Tabriz, Rasht, Karaj, Sari, Tehran, Mashhad and Shiraz were selected. In the qualitative study, eight experts including two professors of marketing marketing and six managers of chain stores were selected by judgmental sampling and snowball method. The assessment tool consisted of two parts, the first part was related to individual characteristics and the second part was related to research data. This questionnaire was extracted from a qualitative study with the Delphi technique approach by the researcher. The validity of the research structures was supported by Cronbachchr('39')s alpha coefficient and a composite coefficient greater than 0.70. The quantitative part of the questionnaire consisted of 70 items, of which 63 items were related to the factors affecting chain store loyalty and 6 items were related to chain store loyalty. In the third stage, the factors with closed answers and in the Likert spectrum were presented as five options and the factors that had a score of more than four were considered as important factors and in other words, the basis of convergence. At this stage of the study, the mean of all 19 factors raised above four was observed and their convergence was confirmed. In the final stage (after completing the study with Delphi participants) based on the extracted factors, a search was made in the research background and the measurement tools used in measuring the factors were identified and after removing the common items, the initial questionnaire was developed. . The final items selected were 97 items (91 items for factors affecting loyalty and 6 items for loyalty to the chain store). This questionnaire was given to 15 PhD students in the field of retrieval. The required value for selecting each item for this number of experts was 0.49. Based on the results of the calculated coefficients, 71 items (65 items for factors affecting loyalty and 6 items for store loyalty) were selected for the final questionnaire. The study was analyzed by structural equation finding of least squares.

The research variables were scaled from the raw data through the mean of the items to determine the status of the studied variables in the statistical population. Pleasure has a mean of 3.71 and a standard deviation of 0.740 and arousal has a mean of 3.769 and a standard deviation of 0.772 indicates the high perceived emotions of customers. Decision-making ease with an average of 3.980 and standard deviation of 0.700, accessibility with an average of 3.959 and standard deviation 0.661, transaction ease with an average of 3.934 and standard deviation of 0.850, ease of gaining benefits with an average of 3.738 Standard deviation of 0.827 and convenience after gaining benefits with an average of 3.746 and standard deviation of 0.906 indicate the high convenience of services perceived by customers. Perceived economic value has an average of 3.666 and a standard deviation of 0.772, customer satisfaction has an average of 4.029 and a standard deviation of 0.519 and customer loyalty has an average of 3.953 and a standard deviation of 0.624 as cognitive and behavioral reactions. High cognitive and behavioral reactions of customers. Data analysis was performed by structural modeling and least squares approach. This statistical method has been used due to the presence of a moderator structure in the model. Based on the indicators of absolute, relative, internal model and external model (Absolute, Relative, Outer Model And Inner Model), the measurement and structural part of the model has the necessary capability. The absolute index is 0.715 and the relative index is 0.891, which is supported by the total capability of the model. The index of the external model is 0.998 and the internal model is 0.893, which supports the capabilities of the measurement part and the structural part of the model, respectively. Values above 0.36 absolute index and above 0.80 relative index, external index, and internal index are the criteria for judgment. The results showed that each of the five dimensions of service convenience including: decision making convenience, accessibility accessibility, profitability convenience, transaction convenience and after-purchase convenience has a positive and significant effect on customerschr('39') cognitive and behavioral reactions. Emotional stimulus positively and significantly affects cognitive and behavioral reactions, and also modulates the effect of service convenience dimensions in them and in other words increases the interactive effect. The fit indices have supported the capability of the support model and the measurement section based on the indices of factor load, multipart load, convergence and divergence validity, and Cronbachchr('39')s alpha coefficients and a combination of validity and validity of the structures.

It seems that focusing on cognitive and emotional stimuli can provoke a positive cognitive and behavioral response from customers. It is suggested to future researches that with qualitative research and based on phenomenology, the living need for convenience of services be collected and extracted through in-depth interviews. Also, due to the importance of ease of use of services and effectiveness, and on the other hand, the ease of service convenience of factors such as; Service design system, physical environment of shopping centers, demographic factors, customer personality factors and brand should be examined on the ease of use of services and behavioral, cognitive and emotional reactions. In this study, sampling has been done from stores with many branches in the country and from the centers of the province, and among the limitations of the research is the lack of sample selection from stores with few branches and cities in all provinces..

The family is the main institution that give its members feel of safety and security and also the most important enovironment to fulfilment of humans intrinsic needs. But the existence of conflict in the family spreads anxiety and insecurity and accompanies the consequences. In fact, in the process of family life, there are issues and problems that disturbs its calm, albeit for a short time. Wherever there is a disagreement or incompatiblity t between spouses, conflict seems to be unavoidable. Regardless of the reasons for the lack of peace in the family, couples in intensive societies have many problems to establish intimate relationships and feelings on the part of their spouses, in fact, another common problem in the family is marital conflict. In family life cycle, problems and issues occur which result in turbulence for a while. When it comes to disagreement, difference, or lack of compatibility between spouses, conflicts occur. Marital conflicts are one of the most common problems of spouses in today’s world. While conflicts are common in human relationships and especially between spouses, marital conflicts are a harbinger of divorce which may start from simple arguments to serious verbal confrontations, quarrels, physical fight, and ultimately divorce. Marital conflicts are seen when one of or both spouses act selfishly, or when one of the spouses pose different requests and objectives selfishly and without considering capabilities, and starts judgments in case the request is not granted. In such a judgment, the other person is represented as bad, and is punished through silence, rejection, or frank expression of fury and hatred. On the other hand, procrastination is represented in avoiding actions, putting off the chores, and apologizing in order to justify the procrastination. Procrastination is a common and harmful failure in self-regulation which shows low tolerance for failure, perfectionism, anxiety, depression, helplessness, self-doubting, low organizing skills, defense, resistance to change, habit, or a combination of these signs. Procrastination can be considered as a strategy to regulate negative cognitions and emotions. Research procedures for investigating the effect of procrastination in family fields especially in marital conflicts have been scarce. Therefore, the present study aims at investigating the effect of procrastination on formation of marital conflicts. For this purpose, researcher aims to find out what effect procrastination has on marital conflicts.

This qualitative study was done through content analysis in 2018 in Tehran, Iran. Qualitative studies usually are done in order to achieve a deep understanding of the studied issues. Inclusion criteria: conflicting couples at the discretion of the counselor of the counseling center and willing to participate in the research who were identified by referring to the counseling center. Sampling was done by available method and data were collected through semi-structured interviews, until information saturation was reached. The interview was conducted with 10 people, including 6 men between 25 and 40 and 4 women between 25 and 40, who went to the counseling centre. The average interview time was about 35 minutes and it was recorded by a digital recorder. In the shortest possible time, the interviews may be overheard and word-for-word implemented without any defense. For data analysis, a five-step content analysis method was used, which included the following budget: writing down entire  interviews. The full text of the interview was read for an overview of the content. Units of meaning and basic codes are specified. Similar codes were classified and placed in general categories and internal materials were determined in the data. Excerpts from the interview text with its codes and classes obtained were sent to another person to verify the accuracy of the analysis. Excerpts from interview texts and codes and classes related to a professor and colleague were sent for experimentation and analysis.

612 primary codes were gathered from the analysis of data, of which 515 were left after review. After analyzing the data, 32 categories were elicited. In the present study, the main theme was discussed. The theme included the outcomes of procrastination in marital conflict, with personal chores procrastination, broken marital system, and timelessness as the main categories. The subsidiary categories included covert procrastination and overt procrastination, lack of trust in relationships, lack of understanding, half-fulfilled roles, lack of commitment in relationships, and lack of attention to time and wasting the time. Based on the ideas of participants, the most important representations of procrastination in formation of marital conflicts were noticed in procrastination in doing personal chores, procrastination in doing family tasks, and weakness in timeliness.

It seems that procrastination in personal level not only results in psychological disorganization, but also in outbreak of outcomes in inter-personal relationships, especially in marital relationships. Evidence suggests that lack of trust in relationships, lack of understanding, half-fulfilled roles, and lack of commitment in relationship of spouses is a harbinger of broken marital systems, and procrastination and its outcomes have significant role in formation and continuation of marital conflicts. Therefore, it can be stated that, in investigating procrastination, the issue of time and its outcomes are among the factors of outbreak and continuation of procrastination, and people face problems in personal and social levels, especially in marital relationships, through timelessness. Hence, procrastination can lead to marital conflicts and turbulence in life in many ways. It is hence necessary for newly-wed couples to solve the problems of procrastination in marital life since research indicates procrastination in tasks of marital life leads to an increase in conflicts in spousal relationships, lack of compatibility, and hence in dissatisfaction. Moreover, these problems are considered as elements leading to divorce. Since its importance can be considered as a symbol in marital education, in order to promote and resolve marital conflicts in other personal skills and among others such as self-awareness, positive acceptance of illegitimacy, support for other abilities to further improve mood. The hour of negligence also occurs. According to the current research with the qualitative method, there are limitations of the qualitative method, including the impossibility of eliminating the observer bias and the impossibility of improving the results. Finally, since the important work issue has been investigated in the form of a qualitative study, it is recommended that you do research so that if you do have such studies, if you have different types of drugs, depending on the problem, these studies It can be predicted to be used in order to provide marital education. Another suggestion, given the results of findings in free cultural and social, such as the city of Tehran, may be another symptom of marital suspension in the existing mixed control system to review the status of the court. Since its importance can be considered as a symbol in marital education, in order to promote and resolve marital conflicts in other personal skills and among others such as self-awareness, positive acceptance of illegitimacy, support for other abilities to further improve mood. The hour of negligence also occurs. According to the current research with the qualitative method, there are limitations of the qualitative method, including the impossibility of eliminating the observer bias and the impossibility of improving the results. Finally, since the important work issue has been investigated in the form of a qualitative study, it is recommended that you do research so that if you do have such studies, if you have different types of drugs, depending on the problem, these studies It can be predicted to be used in order to provide marital education. Another suggestion, given the results of findings in free cultural and social, such as the city of Tehran, may be another symptom of marital suspension in the existing mixed control system to review the status of the court.

Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) is one of the leading causes of referral to hepatology clinics in adults. It occurs in people who have accumulation triglyceride levels in liver cells without a history of drinking alcohol or consuming very little. Behavioral therapies include psychological therapies that commonly used to improve the health of chronic patients. Today, various treatment methods have been introduced and used in this field. Recently, however, third-wave behavioral therapies such as Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) over existing therapies have been shown to have a lasting effect which are gaining more acceptance. Instead of focusing on changing beliefs, these therapies try to increase a personchr('39')s psychological connection to his or her thoughts and emotions. Today, MBCT and ACT are widely used to modify behavior and reduce stress and psychological distress in people with chronic diseases. Therefore, psychological intervention in NAFLD should be considered by clinicians to prevent the severe consequences of this disease. The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) on perceived stress in people with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD).

This study was a quasi-experimental design with two experimental groups and one control group with pre-test, post-test and two-month follow-up. This study was conducted in 2019 in the statistical population of individuals with NAFLD in Tehran. The statistical population of this study included all people with NAFLD who referred to liver and gastrointestinal clinics in Tehran who had referred to these centers between July 1 and the end of September 2018. For this purpose, four specialized gastrointestinal and liver clinics (Massoud, Behbood, Ibn Sina and Ayatollah Taleghani hospitals) were selected with cluster random sampling and the invitation to participate in a psychological training course was distributed among the people who referred to these centers. 70 people with NAFLD announced their readiness to participate in the study. Considering the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 60 patients were eligible to participate in the study. After explaining the goals of the study and the content of the treatment sessions, 15 people withdrew from the study and finally the number of applicants was reduced to 45. Finally, in this study, 45 patients with NAFLD were selected by purposive sampling and were randomly assigned to three groups, and the pre-test was received from them. Then, each of experimental group underwent group intervention during two months of ten sessions, and the control group received the typical routine interventions from medical centers. Perceived Stress Scale (Cohen et al., 1986) was conducted in the all of three stages of measurement In this study, SPSS-25 software was used to analyze the data. In the descriptive part, mean scattering and standard deviation indices were used and in the inferential part, repeated measures analysis of variance test was used. Also, the level of error in this study was considered 0.05.

A total of 45 people with NAFLD participated in the study, which included three groups of 15 people. The mean age (in terms of year) for each MBCT, ACT and control groups was 49.73, 48.73 and 48.46, respectively. The results showed that MBCT and ACT interventions significantly reduced the perceived stress in the participants over time, but in the control group, no significant difference was observed over time (P <0.001) and in participant’s psychological interventions reduced stress up to 37%. Bonferroni post hoc test was used for pairwise comparison of assessment steps. The results showed that there was a significant difference between the experimental groups and the control group in the pre-test-post-test stage of the perceived stress variable. This means that therapeutic interventions have a significant effect on the perceived stress of people with NAFLD and this treatment has remained stable over time, ie in the follow-up phase. Tukey post hoc test was used to compare the pairs of ACT and MBCT experimental groups and the control group. As shown, there is a significant difference in stress reduction between ACT and control groups and between MBCT and control groups.

Finally, the results of the present study indicate that MBCT and ACT interventions with appropriate capacities in changing attitudes and creating appropriate behaviors, can play an effective role in reducing stress. Overall, third-wave behavioral therapies encourage people to treat their self-assessments as simple, transient thoughts, rather than trying to avoid or change them. These therapies seek to weaken empirical avoidance and increase onechr('39')s actual exposure to all experiences and emotions, and encourage individuals to accept fully their illnesses, thoughts, feelings, emotions, and impulses and set valuable goals for themselves. Cognitive integration is also impaired in people with chronic diseases through the process of cognitive defusion and acceptance and cognitive dysfunctions and rationalizations are reduced and pursuing valuable goals in life and committed action to achieve those goals will reduce unpleasant emotions and create a productive life. Absence of some participants and lack of timely attendance of some of them in treatment sessions, non-random selection of individuals and implementation of a randomized clinical trial plan, lack of nutrition control and sports activities which in turn play an important role in stress, also, the lack of investigation of stressful events during the study period from pre-test to follow-up is one of the limitations of this study. It can be concluded that psychological interventions with proper capacities and presenting favorable changes have an effective role in reducing stress in people with NAFLD. In the practical field, it is suggested that psychological interventions be considered to improve the quality of life of people with NAFLD and to facilitate the medical treatment process. It is recommended that the NAFLD treatment process be presented to patients in a group setting, consisting of a set of specialists.

Sports and sporting events are an integral part of many cultures, and millions of spectators plan and pay to attend such events each year. Today, football is the most popular and popular sport in the international arena, as evidenced by the fact that many countries on five continents consider it as their national sport. Along with the growing interest in this sport, there have been many changes in football and related matters to the point that professional football has become a full-fledged industry in many countries. In the meantime, the employees of the federation are the most important and vital capital for success in football. In fact, employees, any organization, whether production, industrial, sports or training, are interested in being part of the factors of success and achieving high success and performance in the organization so that in the present era, employee performance at the top of many efforts There are ways to improve the work environment. This is why successful organizations around the world make great efforts to identify and manage the factors that affect the performance and behavior of employees and succeed in providing these factors to increase the performance of their employees quantitatively and qualitatively. The problem is that performance management has not worked as expected and should be reconsidered in terms of its strengths and weaknesses. This is why organizations always suffer from severe inefficiency in the field of performance management. After several years of the presence of performance management in the public sector, there are still significant problems and the expected improvements in performance have not occurred, so that Freer et al. they had. To this end, most organizations have turned their attention to organizational leaders who are trying harder to bring about fundamental change in the organization; Because leadership deals with change.Transformational leaders strengthen employee trust by empowering and supporting employees. As a result, their efficiency and innovative behavior are improved, and this has enough potential to affect the human capital of employees and, consequently, improve performance. Existence of transformational leadership can be a key factor in creating and developing intellectual capital to achieve the long-term success of an organization. Staff performance has always been affected by different structures. Accordingly, porous of this study was conducted to develop a transformational leadership model and job performance with a moderating role of proactive personality.

This study is a descriptive correlational study with the purpose of applied research. The statistical population the study was Iran Football Federation official staff and the provincial teams that play in the Premier League of the country. According to the target population, 310 people were selected as the statistical sample. The study tool was a standard questionnaire for research variables whose validity by Cronbachchr('39')s alpha test and its Reliability was assessed by confirmatory factor analysis. Data analysis was performed using structural equation modeling with partial least squares method. The results study showed that transformational leadership and proactive personality can directly influence the job performance in sports staff.

The results of the Structural Equation Modeling were also confirmed (GOF = 0.59) and showed that proactive personality variable can enhance the effect of transformational leadership on job performance with moderating role. The results obtained from the overall fit index of the structural equation model showed that the active proactive personality variable can negatively moderate the impact of high-performance work systems on immoral extra-organizational behaviors. The results obtained from the overall fit index of the structural equation model showed that the active personality variable can negatively moderate the impact of high-performance work systems on immoral extra-organizational behaviors. Given the confirmation of this issue, we must examine the severity of its effects. In other words, the researcher should report how strong or moderate the modification rate was if the moderator effect was significant in the research.

Efforts to improve the performance of human resources and the organization in general, is one of the important tasks of managers in any organization. The results of the study showed that the variables of transformational leadership and active personality have a direct positive effect on employeeschr('39') job performance. This means that transformational leadership affects 0.434 of changes in job performance. This study showed that one of these situational factors is transformational leadership. Accordingly, senior managers of the countrychr('39')s football federation can use transformational leadership to strengthen the active personality of their employees, which will ultimately lead to further improvement of employeeschr('39') job performance. According to the researcher, the countrychr('39')s football staff, if they have an active personality, will always get the necessary motivation to change their work environment from managers who use transformational leadership, and will constantly seek to improve their job status and that of the football federation. These employees enjoy facing and overcoming the obstacles to their ideas in the federation and redouble their efforts to improve and implement the ideas in the organization; Because they are always trying to help those who have problems in any way they can and turn the problems in the organization into great opportunities to improve performance. Accordingly, in order to cultivate the active behaviors of employees, in addition to employing and promoting people who have active personality traits, the Football Federation of the country should provide the necessary support and resources for them and their jobs and responsibilities in the federation. Design in a way that facilitates and reinforces the possibility of active behaviors. Managers should also be effective in the development of active behaviors in the organization by using the principles of transformational leadership and establishing appropriate relationships with their followers. As the results of this study showed that if employeeschr('39') relationships with leaders are good, the probability of active behaviors will increase.Efforts to improve the performance of human resources and the organization in general, is one of the important tasks of managers in any organization. The results of the study showed that the variables of transformational leadership and proactive personality have a direct positive effect on employeeschr('39') job performance. This means that transformational leadership affects 0.434 of changes in job performance. Based on the research results, it can be said that if the employeeschr('39') relationships with leaders are good, the probability of active behaviors will increase.